Dileep's World
Thursday, 10 January 2013
5g and 4g technology seminar topic
ABSTRACT
5G technologies will change the way most
high-bandwidth users access their phones. With 5G pushed over a VOIP-enabled
device, people will experience a level of call volume and data transmission
never experienced before.5G technology is offering the services in
Product Engineering,
Documentation, supporting electronic transactions (e-Payments, e-transactions)
etc. As the customer becomes more and more aware of the mobile phone
technology, he or she will look for a decent package all together, including
all the advanced features a cellular phone can have. Hence the search for new
technology is always the main motive of the leading cell phone giants to out
innovate their competitors. Recently apple has produced shivers all around the
electronic world by launching its new handset, the I-phone. Features that are
getting embedded in such a small piece of electronics are huge.
INTRODUCTION
The present cell phones have it all.
Today phones have everything ranging from the smallest size, largest phone
memory, speed dialing, video player, audio player, and camera and so on.
Recently with the development of Pico nets and Blue tooth technology data
sharing has become a child's play. Earlier with the infrared feature you can
share data within a line of sight that means the two devices has to be aligned
properly to transfer data, but in case of blue tooth you can transfer data even
when you have the cell phone in your pocket up to a range of 50 meters. The
creation and entry of 5G technology into the mobile marketplace will launch a
new revolution in the way international cellular plans are offered.
The global mobile phone is upon the cell phone market. Just around
the corner, the newest 5G technologies will hit the mobile market with phones
used in China being able to access and call locally phones in Germany. Truly
innovative technology changing the way mobile phones will be used. With the
emergence of cell phones, which are similar to a PDA, you can now have your
whole office within the phone. Cell phones will give tough competitions to
laptop manufacturers and normal computer designers. Even today there are phones
with gigabytes of memory storage and the latest operating systems. Thus one can
say that with the current trends, the industry has a real bright future if it
can handle the best technologies and can produce affordable handsets for its
customers. Thus you will get all your desires unleashed in the near future when
these smart phones take over the market. 5G Network's router and switch
technology delivers Last Yard Connectivity between the Internet access provider
and building occupants. 5G's technology intelligently distributes Internet
access to individual nodes within the building.
2G-5G NETWORKS
The first generation of mobile phones
was analog systems that emerged in the early 1980s. The second generation of
digital mobile phones appeared in 1990s along with the first digital mobile
networks. During the second generation, the mobile telecommunications industry
experienced exponential growth in terms of both subscribers and value-added
services. Second generation networks allow limited data support in the range of
9.6 kbps to 19.2 kbps. Traditional phone networks are used mainly for voice
transmission, and are essentially circuit-switched networks.
2.5G networks, such as General Packet
Radio Service (GPRS), are an extension of 2G networks, in that they use circuit
switching for voice and packet switching for data transmission resulting in its
popularity since packet switching utilizes bandwidth much more efficiently. In
this system, each user’s packets compete for available bandwidth, and users are
billed only for the amount of data transmitted.
3G networks were proposed to eliminate
many problems faced by 2G and 2.5G networks, especially the low speeds and
incompatible technologies such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) in
different countries. Expectations for 3G included increased bandwidth; 128 Kbps
for mobile stations, and 2 Mbps for fixed applications. In theory, 3G should
work over North American as well as European and Asian wireless air interfaces.
In reality, the outlook for 3G is not very certain. Part of the problem is that
network providers in Europe and North America currently maintain separate
standards’ bodies (3GPP for Europe and Asia; 3GPP2 for North America). The
standards’ bodies have not resolved the differences in air interface technologies.
There is also a concern that in many
countries 3G will never be deployed due to its cost and poor performance.
Although it is possible that some of the weaknesses at physical layer will
still exist in 4G systems, an integration of services at the upper layer is
expected.
The evolution of mobile networks is
strongly influenced by business challenges and the direction mobile system
industry takes. It also relates to the radio access spectrum and the control
restrictions over it that varies from country to country. However, as major
technical advances are being standardized it becomes more complex for industry
alone to choose a suitable evolutionary path. Many mobile system
means to share spectrum that provides support for high data rate packet
transport on the downlink, which is well adapted to urban environment and
indoor applications.
standards for Wide Area Networks (WANs) already exists including
the popular ones such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS),
CDMA, and CDMA-2000 (1X/3X). In addition there are evolving standards for
Personal Area Networks (PANs), such as Bluetooth wireless, and for WLANs.
The current trend in mobile systems is to support the high bit
rate data services at the downlink via High Speed Downlink Packet Access
(HSDPA). It provides a smooth evolutionary path for UMTS networks to higher
data rates in the same way as Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution (EDGE)
do in Global Systems for Mobile communication (GSM). HSPDA uses shared channels
that allow different users to access the channel resources in packet domain. It
provides an efficient
Initially, the peak data rates of 10 Mbps may be achieved using
HSPDA. The next target is to reach 30 Mbps with the help of antenna array
processing technologies followed by the enhancements in air interface design to
allow even higher data rates.
Another recent development is a new framework for mobile networks
that is expected to provide multimedia support for IP telecommunication
services, called as IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS). Real-time rich multimedia
communication mixing telecommunication
and data services
could happen due
to IMS in
wireline broadband networks.
However, mobile carriers cannot offer their customers the freedom to mix
multimedia components (text, pictures, audio, voice, video) within one call.
Today a two party voice call cannot be extended to a multi-party audio and
video conference. IMS overcomes such limitations and makes these scenarios
possible.
4G - > Difference
between 3G and 4G:
Major requirement
driving architecture
|
3G
(Including 2.5G, Sub3G)
|
4G
|
|
Predominantly voice driven;
data was always add
on
|
Converged data and voice
over IP
|
Network Architecture
|
Wide area cell-based
|
Hybrid: Integration of
wireless LAN
(WiFi,
Bluetooth) and wide area
|
Speeds
|
384 Kbps to 2 Mbps
|
20 to 100 Mbps in mobile
mode
|
Frequency Band
|
Dependent on country or
continent (1800‐2400 MHz)
|
Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz)
|
Bandwidth
|
5-20 MHz
|
100 MHz (or more)
|
Switching Design Basis
|
Circuit and Packet
|
All digital with packetized
voice
|
Access Technologies
|
W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge
|
OFDM and MC-CDMA
(Multi Carrier CDMA)
|
Forward Error Correction
|
Convolutional rate 1/2, 1/3
|
Concatenated coding scheme
|
Component Design
|
Optimized antenna design,
multi-band adapters
|
Smarter Antennas, software
multiband and wideband
radios
|
IP
|
A number of air link protocols,
including IP 5.0
|
All IP (IPv6)
|
The
future of mobile systems is largely dependent upon the development and
evolution of 4G systems, multimedia networking, and upto some extent, photonic
networks. It is expected that initially the 4G mobile systems will be used
independent from other technologies. With gradual growth of high speed data
support to multimegabits per second, an integrations of services will happen.
In addition, developments in photonic switching might allow mobile
communication on a completely photonic network using Wavelength Division
Multiplexing (WDM) on photonic switches and routers. The evolutionary view of
4G systems to 5G include a support of wireless world wide web allowing a highly
flexible and reconfigurable dynamic adhoc networks.
4G (Forth Generation
Networks)
Everyone’s focus now turns towards 4G because of its data
rate. In high speed mobility communication it theoretically offers 100 Mbit/s (Such as trains or cars)
and low mobility communication or fixed accessing would results 1 Gbit/s. This
is a major revolution in wireless access technology.
It’s very much equivalent to getting a LAN or Gigabit
Ethernet connection to a mobile device.
4G provides all IP communication with high speed access to smart phones, tablets, laptops and any mobile smart devices.
Theoretically speaking this 4G access speeds are much more than Cable or DSL
technologies in the sense 4G is faster than ADSL, ADSL2 or ADSL2+.
Once 4G is launched and if you have at least 54 Mbits/s
(Worst case) download on your mobile handset or tablet, you can run any
internet application as you do in desktop computers. For example you can run
Skype, YouTube, IP TV apps, Video on Demand, VoIP Client and many more. If you
have any VoIP client installed on your hand device you can make VoIP calls from
your mobile. This is going to kill the mobile voice market soon. At the same
time you can subscribe to any local numbers to your mobile VoIP client and
start receiving calls on your mobile via IP. For example if you are living in
New York you don’t need to get a NY number instead you can subscribe a Toronto
fixed line number in your mobile via VoIP client. Where ever you go within 4G
coverage or Wi-Fi area you can receive calls to your Toronto Number. (Even you
can subscribe to Switzerland fixed number and live in New York)
Though 4G has already been rolled out in Europe and North
America (Some of the providers are Telnor, Tele2 , Telia in Europe and Verizon,
Sprint in US), it is still at the development stage. 4G, in addition to the
target 100 Mbits/s data rate for moving customers and 1GB for stationary users
is also expected to achieve greater quality of services to end users without
dropping signals and allow interactive roaming worldwide.
Just as the third world is getting
familiar with 3g mobile technology and the benefits bestowed upon them by the
services enabled by it the so called developed world is getting to grips with
4g. Whereas China Mobile on the one hand is planning to launch with full
backing its indigenous TD-LTE based 4G technology and is trying to take it
forward with their 600 million strong subscriber base, the Europe based LTE FDD
network is gunning to give it a strong competition.
There is going to be another leap in
technology very soon. Mobile technology is advancing at great speeds and very
soon we will have 5g technology knocking on the doors of 4G enabled networks
and devices.
Why the talk of 5G when 4G is still
struggling to find its foot hold
But why the talk of 5G when even 4G
has not been able to penetrate fully even the developed telecom markets? Well,
4G having been touted as the God given technology that will bring lightning
fast internet and will lead into innovations that would completely change the
way entertainment is consumed has not held its mettle against the its
predecessor 3G. 4G is not as fast as people will want a next generation
technology to be. So, for markets where 4G has not yet penetrated, going for
the even higher and more advanced technology makes more sense than spending on
a technology that will go kaput as soon as it is launched.
With people getting more tech savvy
their expectation from the mobile phones are increasing by the day. Mobile
phone manufacturers are trying to add more and more features to the current
breed for mobile phones everyday in the efforts to bring about more and more
services on the handsets of the mobile phone users. But for all these to
materialize and run smoothly, a lot more bandwidth is required.
Now the scenario is changing very
fast. With the advent of tablets, the online media consumption patterns of
users are going to change very fast. People will expect to have the same speeds
on their tablet PCs as they get at the desktop at home. That translates into
speeds as good as broadband. Is 4G capable to deliver such speeds on a
sustained basis? Talks of 4G have been doing the rounds since as back as 2002.
But the technology has not been proved very successful in which ever network
and locations it has been launched. Mobile carriers and mobile phone users both
can wait a bit longer to have a technology that is proved and is far better
than the features that the current 4G mobile technology boasts of.
5G – the perfect mobility solution
for the next generation
Let us first envisage a hypothetical
situation where we have unhindered access to mobile technology and networks
that provide us mobile connectivity to the far flung areas of the earth where
we do not even have continuous electricity supply. Then what all benefits can
this revolutionary technology bring upon the residents of that area. Education,
medical facilities, entertainment, communication, banking, agriculture
technology, navigational services etc. The list goes on. Although the 3G and
the 4G mobile technologies promised all these benefits, they
have not been able to make this
possible. So, only a miracle can bring upon us the benefits the world can now
only imagine.
Difference Between 5G and 4G
(1) 4G offers theoretically closer
to Gigabit Ethernet whereas users expect multiple Gigabit speed from 5G.
(2) 4G is being used in Backhauling
Networks as well as user access networks whereas users expect.
t he 4G and 5G wireless access
mobile technologies both offer Ethernet speeds on mobile devices for them to
enjoy the triply services. The 4G is currently deployed in several countries
including North America and Europe. 5G is merely a concept, only LTE and WiMAX
are two distinct technologies set to achieve 4G speeds, which are definitely
defined.5G to be backhauling backbone
networks.
Now let me explain you 4G vs 5G.
4G
4G has following features:-
- 4G is started in 2001 or 2002 and now supports 100
Mbit/s speed
- You can watch YouTube videos on your mobile
- Skype support
- Watch TV
- Video on demand
- Install VoIP client
- Face to face meeting if you have camera in your mobile
- Closer to Gigabit speed
- Low battery consumption
5G
5G has following features:-
- High speed than 4G
- Expected speed in multiple of Gigabit
- Supports high speed hardware
- Supports good quality camera up to 10.2 Mega pixels.
- Time machine
- Apple has 128 GB minimum storage for 5G
- In 5G you can charge your mobile battery with solar
energy
- Video conferencing
- Supports ultra sound technologY
5G is under development and is fully
functional in 2015.
The Promises of 5G mobile technology
It would be equipped with the most powerful and advanced features which will be the future of mobile phones. People who are still using 2g are so amazed with the advent of 3g and 4g, can only imagine how extraordinary speeds 5g will bring.
It would be equipped with the most powerful and advanced features which will be the future of mobile phones. People who are still using 2g are so amazed with the advent of 3g and 4g, can only imagine how extraordinary speeds 5g will bring.
The world is gradually moving towards making almost all computing devices as
hand held mobile devices. And those devices will not hold good if they do not
have a matching mobile technology that gives the same quality of internet
connectivity as the hardware of the device if capable of and the services on it
demand. 5g should have superior data capabilities so that it can support not
only mobile phone, smart phones but all other kinds of mobile devices as well.
5g can enable huge bandwidths and it will enable unrestricted calls and data
volumes. One of the main features could be unrestricted mobility throughout the
world without the need to switch networks. And on top of all those advanced
features the price should be low so that the technology can be enabled
throughout the world almost simultaneously.
5g will make telecommunications a global standard. Any mobile used in 5g will have a specific IP address according to the location and the network used. This would be truly remarkable! Can you imagine traveling around the world and can use your same mobile network at a very reasonable price. This will be a great business offering.
Above all, the upload and download speed will be around 1Gbps. It will be more consistent and error free. You will be able to listen to your favorite music, download videos, access emails, use your enterprise applications simultaneously on the move and much more.
What’s on offer :-
- Upto 5mbps of speed
- Supports virtual private network
- Remote diagnostics
- Advanced billing interface
- Enhanced remote management
- Broadcasting data in Gigabit
- Subscriber supervision tools
- Bi-directional bandwidth shaping
The day is not far when the 5g mobile users will feel they don’t require pc or laptop anymore as their 5g enabled mobile would be able to do much more than what today’s smart phones can. The arrival of 5g will surely ring alarm bells to the computer industry. With this new innovative technology, we will step into a completely different era of telecommunications.
5g will make telecommunications a global standard. Any mobile used in 5g will have a specific IP address according to the location and the network used. This would be truly remarkable! Can you imagine traveling around the world and can use your same mobile network at a very reasonable price. This will be a great business offering.
Above all, the upload and download speed will be around 1Gbps. It will be more consistent and error free. You will be able to listen to your favorite music, download videos, access emails, use your enterprise applications simultaneously on the move and much more.
What’s on offer :-
- Upto 5mbps of speed
- Supports virtual private network
- Remote diagnostics
- Advanced billing interface
- Enhanced remote management
- Broadcasting data in Gigabit
- Subscriber supervision tools
- Bi-directional bandwidth shaping
The day is not far when the 5g mobile users will feel they don’t require pc or laptop anymore as their 5g enabled mobile would be able to do much more than what today’s smart phones can. The arrival of 5g will surely ring alarm bells to the computer industry. With this new innovative technology, we will step into a completely different era of telecommunications.
5G – What this new technology have for us?
It is a commonly said sentence that “When the technology
advances, the “next” upgrades must be in planning and development phases while
its predecessors are being deployed”. This is exactly true with all mobile
telecommunications. From its basic conception to the time of roll-out took
almost ten years for 2G; a same situation occurred in the case of 3G,
Although it begun its service in 2001/2, it had taken another 10
years to get established in India. Now the Indian users are also getting the
services of 3G as the government owned BSNL started providing these services.
Similarly 4G had started its services in the foreign countries from 2009. Let
us hope that this technology will soon get established in India too. As the
forth generation technology had started its services in some countries , we can
hope that the fifth generation mobile phones will also be available in the
market in a short time.
So what does this fifth generation mean and what will be the
services offered by this new techology in future ? We can predict the future.
But we can’t believe fully that in the future 5G will be established of the
form exactly that depicted in the 5G vision described herein.
Talking about any of the mobile generation the important
questions that arise in our mind is that whether around the globe connectivity
is provided and how much will be the data rates offered. The data rates offered
by the 4G stationary uers is 1Gb/s and that of mobile users is 100Mb/s. .
The data rate will be increased much more in the case of 5G.In the earlier
times the purpose of using mobile phones is to call and then the
messaging also gained importance. But today many are using the mobiles to surf
internets , movie downloads and for social networking. Internet connectivity
will take only few seconds and movies can be downloaded in few seconds while we
are using 5G.
Ubiquitious computing allows the user to to connect to the
various wireless access techologies such as 2.5G, 3G, 4G, or 5G networks,
Wi-Fi, WPAN, or any access technologies that will be establish in future. This
also provides the ability to move seamlessly in these networks. That is
in short we can call 5G as the convergence of all the wireless access
technologies that have been established so far and also the technologies that
will be present in future too.
We all know that Spectrum is a finite resource. In present
wireless systems, frequency licensing and efficient spectrum management are key
issues. So it is said that the 5G systems will bring out a solution for
this problem. In the 5G networks Spectral efficiency is expected to be very
high and it is obtained by the usage of shared spectrum for data transmission
and reception
. Cognitive radio technology allowing different radio
technologies to share the same spectrum will introduced in the fifth generation
and by this we can efficiently reallocate the unused spectrum.
The added benefits of the AI will also be available in this
new generation mobile phones. Video calling is available from the third
generations but it is said that by the fifth generation along with
feeling the presence we can smell the place where the caller is preseent. We
can get alerts on the phone about the favorite filmstar’s latest movies and
where they are playing while you are crossing the his poster on the road.
Taking into consideration all the facts above 5G is the most
suited option to resolve many of the problems existing in our present mobile
communication systems. At the same time its endless possibilities will make
this new technology user friendly too.
CONCLUSION
There are some other
projects, which are undertaken ay 5G technologies. Here we want to mention that
3G mobiles are working these days, and 4G technologies are coming, but in
future we are ready to face 5G technologies and some of its features we have
presented in this paper.
REFERENCES
[1] W. W.
Lu, “Defining China's Fourth Generation Mobile communications”, ITU Telecom
World 2006, Hong Kong, Dec. 2006.
[2] K. Aretz, M. Haardt, W. Konhäuser, and W.
Mohr, “The future of wireless
communications beyond the
third generation”,
International Journal of
Computer and Telecommunications Networking (Computer
Networks), Vol. 37, 2001, pp. 83-92.
[3] T. Otsu, “The Challenge of Systems beyond
IMT-2000—approach from wireless”, International Telecommunications Union
Journal, Vol. 33, No. 3, 2003, pp. 26-30.
[4] J. Govil, and J. Govil, On the
Investigation of Transactional and Interoperability Issues between IPv4 and
IPv6, IEEE EIT May 2007.
[5] Development of 3G mobile services, OECD
Report, Sept. 2004.
[6] T.
B. Zahariadis, “Migration towards
4G wireless communications,”
IEEE Wireless Communications, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2004, pp. 6-7.
[7] J.
Wang, X.
Shan, X and Y.
Ren, “A New Approach for
Evaluating Clipping Distortion in DS-CDMA Systems”. IEICE Transactions on
Communications. Vol. E88-B, No. 2, 2005 pp. 792-796
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