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5g and 4g technology seminar topic

ABSTRACT

5G technologies will change the way most high-bandwidth users access their phones. With 5G pushed over a VOIP-enabled device, people will experience a level of call volume and data transmission never experienced before.5G technology is offering the services     in     Product     Engineering, Documentation, supporting electronic transactions (e-Payments, e-transactions) etc. As the customer becomes more and more aware of the mobile phone technology, he or she will look for a decent package all together, including all the advanced features a cellular phone can have. Hence the search for new technology is always the main motive of the leading cell phone giants to out innovate their competitors. Recently apple has produced shivers all around the electronic world by launching its new handset, the I-phone. Features that are getting embedded in such a small piece of electronics are huge.

INTRODUCTION

The present cell phones have it all. Today phones have everything ranging from the smallest size, largest phone memory, speed dialing, video player, audio player, and camera and so on. Recently with the development of Pico nets and Blue tooth technology data sharing has become a child's play. Earlier with the infrared feature you can share data within a line of sight that means the two devices has to be aligned properly to transfer data, but in case of blue tooth you can transfer data even when you have the cell phone in your pocket up to a range of 50 meters. The creation and entry of 5G technology into the mobile marketplace will launch a new revolution in the way international cellular plans are offered.

The global mobile phone is upon the cell phone market. Just around the corner, the newest 5G technologies will hit the mobile market with phones used in China being able to access and call locally phones in Germany. Truly innovative technology changing the way mobile phones will be used. With the emergence of cell phones, which are similar to a PDA, you can now have your whole office within the phone. Cell phones will give tough competitions to laptop manufacturers and normal computer designers. Even today there are phones with gigabytes of memory storage and the latest operating systems. Thus one can say that with the current trends, the industry has a real bright future if it can handle the best technologies and can produce affordable handsets for its customers. Thus you will get all your desires unleashed in the near future when these smart phones take over the market. 5G Network's router and switch technology delivers Last Yard Connectivity between the Internet access provider and building occupants. 5G's technology intelligently distributes Internet access to individual nodes within the building.

 2G-5G NETWORKS

The first generation of mobile phones was analog systems that emerged in the early 1980s. The second generation of digital mobile phones appeared in 1990s along with the first digital mobile networks. During the second generation, the mobile telecommunications industry experienced exponential growth in terms of both subscribers and value-added services. Second generation networks allow limited data support in the range of 9.6 kbps to 19.2 kbps. Traditional phone networks are used mainly for voice transmission, and are essentially circuit-switched networks.

2.5G networks, such as General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), are an extension of 2G networks, in that they use circuit switching for voice and packet switching for data transmission resulting in its popularity since packet switching utilizes bandwidth much more efficiently. In this system, each user’s packets compete for available bandwidth, and users are billed only for the amount of data transmitted.

3G networks were proposed to eliminate many problems faced by 2G and 2.5G networks, especially the low speeds and incompatible technologies such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)  and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) in different countries. Expectations for 3G included increased bandwidth; 128 Kbps for mobile stations, and 2 Mbps for fixed applications. In theory, 3G should work over North American as well as European and Asian wireless air interfaces. In reality, the outlook for 3G is not very certain. Part of the problem is that network providers in Europe and North America currently maintain separate standards’ bodies (3GPP for Europe and Asia; 3GPP2 for North America). The standards’ bodies have not resolved the differences in air interface technologies.

There is also a concern that in many countries 3G will never be deployed due to its cost and poor performance. Although it is possible that some of the weaknesses at physical layer will still exist in 4G systems, an integration of services at the upper layer is expected.

The evolution of mobile networks is strongly influenced by business challenges and the direction mobile system industry takes. It also relates to the radio access spectrum and the control restrictions over it that varies from country to country. However, as major technical advances are being standardized it becomes more complex for industry alone to choose a suitable evolutionary path. Many mobile system

means to share spectrum that provides support for high data rate packet transport on the downlink, which is well adapted to urban environment and indoor applications.

standards for Wide Area Networks (WANs) already exists including the popular ones such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS), CDMA, and CDMA-2000 (1X/3X). In addition there are evolving standards for Personal Area Networks (PANs), such as Bluetooth wireless, and for WLANs.

The current trend in mobile systems is to support the high bit rate data services at the downlink via High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). It provides a smooth evolutionary path for UMTS networks to higher data rates in the same way as Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) do in Global Systems for Mobile communication (GSM). HSPDA uses shared channels that allow different users to access the channel resources in packet domain. It provides an efficient

Initially, the peak data rates of 10 Mbps may be achieved using HSPDA. The next target is to reach 30 Mbps with the help of antenna array processing technologies followed by the enhancements in air interface design to allow even higher data rates.

Another recent development is a new framework for mobile networks that is expected to provide multimedia support for IP telecommunication services, called as IP Multimedia Subsystems (IMS). Real-time rich multimedia communication mixing telecommunication   and   data  services   could   happen   due   to   IMS   in   wireline   broadband networks. However, mobile carriers cannot offer their customers the freedom to mix multimedia components (text, pictures, audio, voice, video) within one call. Today a two party voice call cannot be extended to a multi-party audio and video conference. IMS overcomes such limitations and makes these scenarios possible.

4G - > Difference between 3G and 4G:

Major requirement  driving architecture	3G  (Including 2.5G, Sub3G)	4G
	Predominantly voice driven;  data was always add on	Converged data and voice over IP
Network Architecture	Wide area cell-based	Hybrid: Integration of wireless LAN  (WiFi, Bluetooth) and wide area
Speeds	384 Kbps to 2 Mbps	20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode
Frequency Band	Dependent on country or continent (1800‐2400 MHz)	Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz)
Bandwidth	5-20 MHz	100 MHz (or more)
Switching Design Basis	Circuit and Packet	All digital with packetized voice
Access Technologies	W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge	OFDM and MC-CDMA  (Multi Carrier CDMA)
Forward Error Correction	Convolutional rate 1/2, 1/3	Concatenated coding scheme
Component Design	Optimized antenna design,  multi-band adapters	Smarter Antennas, software  multiband and wideband radios
IP	A number of air link protocols,  including IP 5.0	All IP (IPv6)

The future of mobile systems is largely dependent upon the development and evolution of 4G systems, multimedia networking, and upto some extent, photonic networks. It is expected that initially the 4G mobile systems will be used independent from other technologies. With gradual growth of high speed data support to multimegabits per second, an integrations of services will happen. In addition, developments in photonic switching might allow mobile communication on a completely photonic network using Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) on photonic switches and routers. The evolutionary view of 4G systems to 5G include a support of wireless world wide web allowing a highly flexible and reconfigurable dynamic adhoc networks.

 4G (Forth Generation Networks)

Everyone’s focus now turns towards 4G because of its data rate. In high speed mobility communication it theoretically offers 100 Mbit/s (Such as trains or cars) and low mobility communication or fixed accessing would results 1 Gbit/s. This is a major revolution in wireless access technology.

It’s very much equivalent to getting a LAN or Gigabit Ethernet connection to a mobile device.

4G provides all IP communication with high speed access to smart phones, tablets, laptops and any mobile smart devices. Theoretically speaking this 4G access speeds are much more than Cable or DSL technologies in the sense 4G is faster than ADSL, ADSL2 or ADSL2+.

Once 4G is launched and if you have at least 54 Mbits/s (Worst case) download on your mobile handset or tablet, you can run any internet application as you do in desktop computers. For example you can run Skype, YouTube, IP TV apps, Video on Demand, VoIP Client and many more. If you have any VoIP client installed on your hand device you can make VoIP calls from your mobile. This is going to kill the mobile voice market soon. At the same time you can subscribe to any local numbers to your mobile VoIP client and start receiving calls on your mobile via IP. For example if you are living in New York you don’t need to get a NY number instead you can subscribe a Toronto fixed line number in your mobile via VoIP client. Where ever you go within 4G coverage or Wi-Fi area you can receive calls to your Toronto Number. (Even you can subscribe to Switzerland fixed number and live in New York)

Though 4G has already been rolled out in Europe and North America (Some of the providers are Telnor, Tele2 , Telia in Europe and Verizon, Sprint in US), it is still at the development stage. 4G, in addition to the target 100 Mbits/s data rate for moving customers and 1GB for stationary users is also expected to achieve greater quality of services to end users without dropping signals and allow interactive roaming worldwide.

4G Mobile Technology is Dead, 5G knocking !!

Just as the third world is getting familiar with 3g mobile technology and the benefits bestowed upon them by the services enabled by it the so called developed world is getting to grips with 4g. Whereas China Mobile on the one hand is planning to launch with full backing its indigenous TD-LTE based 4G technology and is trying to take it forward with their 600 million strong subscriber base, the Europe based LTE FDD network is gunning to give it a strong competition.

There is going to be another leap in technology very soon. Mobile technology is advancing at great speeds and very soon we will have 5g technology knocking on the doors of 4G enabled networks and devices.

Why the talk of 5G when 4G is still struggling to find its foot hold

But why the talk of 5G when even 4G has not been able to penetrate fully even the developed telecom markets? Well, 4G having been touted as the God given technology that will bring lightning fast internet and will lead into innovations that would completely change the way entertainment is consumed has not held its mettle against the its predecessor 3G. 4G is not as fast as people will want a next generation technology to be. So, for markets where 4G has not yet penetrated, going for the even higher and more advanced technology makes more sense than spending on a technology that will go kaput as soon as it is launched.

With people getting more tech savvy their expectation from the mobile phones are increasing by the day. Mobile phone manufacturers are trying to add more and more features to the current breed for mobile phones everyday in the efforts to bring about more and more services on the handsets of the mobile phone users. But for all these to materialize and run smoothly, a lot more bandwidth is required.

Now the scenario is changing very fast. With the advent of tablets, the online media consumption patterns of users are going to change very fast. People will expect to have the same speeds on their tablet PCs as they get at the desktop at home. That translates into speeds as good as broadband. Is 4G capable to deliver such speeds on a sustained basis? Talks of 4G have been doing the rounds since as back as 2002. But the technology has not been proved very successful in which ever network and locations it has been launched. Mobile carriers and mobile phone users both can wait a bit longer to have a technology that is proved and is far better than the features that the current 4G mobile technology boasts of.

5G – the perfect mobility solution for the next generation

Let us first envisage a hypothetical situation where we have unhindered access to mobile technology and networks that provide us mobile connectivity to the far flung areas of the earth where we do not even have continuous electricity supply. Then what all benefits can this revolutionary technology bring upon the residents of that area. Education, medical facilities, entertainment, communication, banking, agriculture technology, navigational services etc. The list goes on. Although the 3G and the 4G mobile technologies promised all these benefits, they

have not been able to make this possible. So, only a miracle can bring upon us the benefits the world can now only imagine.

Difference Between 5G and 4G

(1) 4G offers theoretically closer to Gigabit Ethernet whereas users expect multiple Gigabit speed from 5G.

(2) 4G is being used in Backhauling Networks as well as user access networks whereas users expect.

t he 4G and 5G wireless access mobile technologies both offer Ethernet speeds on mobile devices for them to enjoy the triply services. The 4G is currently deployed in several countries including North America and Europe. 5G is merely a concept, only LTE and WiMAX are two distinct technologies set to achieve 4G speeds, which are definitely defined.5G to be backhauling backbone networks.

Now let me explain you 4G vs 5G.

4G

4G has following features:-

• 4G is started in 2001 or 2002 and now supports 100 Mbit/s speed
• You can watch YouTube videos on your mobile
• Skype support
• Watch TV
• Video on demand
• Install VoIP client
• Face to face meeting if you have camera in your mobile
• Closer to Gigabit speed
• Low battery consumption

5G

5G has following features:-

• High speed than 4G
• Expected speed in multiple of Gigabit
• Supports high speed hardware
• Supports good quality camera up to 10.2 Mega pixels.
• Time machine
• Apple has 128 GB minimum storage for 5G
• In 5G you can charge your mobile battery with solar energy
• Video conferencing
• Supports ultra sound technologY

5G is under development and is fully functional in 2015.

The Promises of 5G mobile technology
It would be equipped with the most powerful and advanced features which will be the future of mobile phones.  People who are still using 2g are so amazed with the advent of 3g and 4g, can only imagine how extraordinary speeds 5g will bring.

The world is gradually moving towards making almost all computing devices as hand held mobile devices. And those devices will not hold good if they do not have a matching mobile technology that gives the same quality of internet connectivity as the hardware of the device if capable of and the services on it demand. 5g should have superior data capabilities so that it can support not only mobile phone, smart phones but all other kinds of mobile devices as well.

5g can enable huge bandwidths and it will enable unrestricted calls and data volumes. One of the main features could be unrestricted mobility throughout the world without the need to switch networks. And on top of all those advanced features the price should be low so that the technology can be enabled throughout the world almost simultaneously.
5g will make telecommunications a global standard. Any mobile used in 5g will have a specific IP address according to the location and the network used. This would be truly remarkable! Can you imagine traveling around the world and can use your same mobile network at a very reasonable price. This will be a great business offering.
Above all, the upload and download speed will be around 1Gbps. It will be more consistent and error free.  You will be able to listen to your favorite music, download videos, access emails, use your enterprise applications simultaneously on the move and much more.
What’s on offer :-
-          Upto 5mbps of speed
-          Supports virtual private network
-          Remote diagnostics
-          Advanced billing interface
-          Enhanced remote management
-          Broadcasting data in Gigabit
-          Subscriber supervision tools
-          Bi-directional bandwidth shaping
The day is not far when the 5g mobile users will feel they don’t require pc or laptop anymore as their 5g enabled mobile would be able to do much more than what today’s smart phones can. The arrival of 5g will surely ring alarm bells to the computer industry. With this new innovative technology, we will step into a completely different era of telecommunications.

5G – What this new technology have for us?

It is a commonly said sentence that “When the technology advances, the “next” upgrades must be in planning and development phases while its predecessors are being deployed”. This is exactly true with all mobile telecommunications. From its basic conception to the time of roll-out took almost  ten years for 2G; a same situation occurred in the case of 3G, Although it begun  its  service in 2001/2, it had taken another 10 years to get established in India. Now the Indian users are also getting the services of 3G as the government owned BSNL started providing these services. Similarly 4G had started its services in the foreign countries from 2009. Let us hope that this technology will soon get established in India too. As the forth generation technology had started its services in some countries , we can hope that the fifth generation mobile phones will also be available in the market in a short time.

So what does this fifth generation mean and what will be the services offered by this new techology in future ? We can predict the future. But we can’t believe fully that in the future 5G will be established of the form exactly that depicted in the 5G vision described herein.

Talking about any of the mobile generation the important questions that arise in our mind is that whether around the globe connectivity is provided and how much will be the data rates offered. The data rates offered by the 4G stationary uers  is 1Gb/s and that of mobile users is 100Mb/s. . The data rate will be increased much more in the case of 5G.In the earlier times the purpose of using mobile phones is to call  and then the messaging also gained importance. But today many are using the mobiles to surf internets , movie downloads and for social networking. Internet connectivity will take only few seconds and movies can be downloaded in few seconds while we are using 5G.

Ubiquitious computing allows the user to to connect to the various wireless access techologies  such as 2.5G, 3G, 4G, or 5G networks, Wi-Fi, WPAN, or any access technologies that will be establish in future. This also provides the ability to move seamlessly in these networks.  That is in short we can call 5G as the convergence of all the wireless access technologies that have been established so far and also the technologies that will be present in future too.

We all know that Spectrum is a finite resource. In present wireless systems, frequency licensing and efficient spectrum management are key issues.  So it is said that the 5G systems will bring out a solution for this problem. In the 5G networks Spectral efficiency is expected to be very high and it is obtained by the usage of shared spectrum for data transmission and reception

. Cognitive radio technology allowing different radio technologies to share the same spectrum will introduced in the fifth generation and by this we can efficiently reallocate the unused spectrum.

The added benefits of the AI will also be available in this new generation mobile phones. Video calling is available from the third generations but it is said that by the fifth generation  along with feeling the presence we can smell the place where the caller is preseent. We can get alerts on the phone about the favorite filmstar’s latest movies and where they are playing while you are crossing the his poster on the road.

Taking into consideration all the facts above 5G is the most suited option to resolve many of the problems existing in our present mobile communication systems. At the same time its endless possibilities will make this new technology user friendly too.

CONCLUSION

There are some other projects, which are undertaken ay 5G technologies. Here we want to mention that 3G mobiles are working these days, and 4G technologies are coming, but in future we are ready to face 5G technologies and some of its features we have presented in this paper.

  

     REFERENCES

[1] W. W. Lu, “Defining China's Fourth Generation Mobile communications”, ITU Telecom World 2006, Hong Kong, Dec. 2006.

[2]   K. Aretz, M. Haardt, W. Konhäuser, and W. Mohr, “The future of wireless    communications    beyond    the    third    generation”, International   Journal   of   Computer   and   Telecommunications Networking (Computer Networks), Vol. 37, 2001, pp. 83-92.

[3]    T. Otsu, “The Challenge of Systems beyond IMT-2000—approach from wireless”, International Telecommunications Union Journal, Vol. 33, No. 3, 2003, pp. 26-30.

[4]    J. Govil, and J. Govil, On the Investigation of Transactional and Interoperability Issues between IPv4 and IPv6, IEEE EIT   May 2007.

[5]    Development of 3G mobile services, OECD Report, Sept. 2004.

[6]    T.     B.     Zahariadis,     “Migration     towards     4G     wireless communications,” IEEE Wireless Communications, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2004, pp. 6-7.

[7] J. Wang,  X.  Shan,  X and  Y.  Ren,  “A New Approach for Evaluating Clipping Distortion in DS-CDMA Systems”. IEICE Transactions on Communications. Vol. E88-B, No. 2, 2005 pp. 792-796 

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